Тест: Understanding Market Mechanics — 9 въпроса

1. What does the law of demand state about the relationship between price and quantity demanded?

A. Price and quantity demanded are inversely proportional.

B. Price and quantity demanded both increase simultaneously.

C. Price and quantity demanded are unrelated.

D. Price and quantity demanded are directly proportional.

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

The law of demand states that there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded, meaning that as price decreases, demand increases, and vice versa.

2. What is the primary function of a market as described in the revision sheet?

A. A platform for exchange of goods/services; can be physical or virtual.

B. A place where only physical goods are bought and sold.

C. A government-regulated area where prices are fixed.

D. A financial institution that provides loans.

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

A market is defined as a platform for the exchange of goods and services, which can be either physical or virtual. This distinguishes it from specific types like goods-only markets or regulated pricing zones.

3. Which factor is NOT a typical cause of shifts in the demand curve?

A. Expectations about future prices.

B. Changes in consumer income.

C. Technological improvements in production.

D. Tastes and preferences.

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

Technological improvements in production typically affect supply, not demand. Demand shifts are usually caused by changes in income, tastes, demographics, advertising, or expectations.

4. According to the revision sheet, what is the Law of Demand?

A. Averse relationship between price and quantity demanded.

B. Direct relationship between price and quantity demanded.

C. Inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.

D. No relationship between price and quantity demanded.

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

The Law of Demand states there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded, meaning as price decreases, demand increases.

5. At market equilibrium, which of the following is true?

A. Prices are fixed and do not change.

B. Quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied.

C. Quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded.

D. The price adjusts so that quantity demanded equals quantity supplied.

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

Market equilibrium occurs when the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied, and the price adjusts to reach this point, clearing the market of shortages or surpluses.

6. What causes the demand curve to shift to the right according to the revision sheet?

A. An increase in consumer income.

B. A decrease in the price of the good itself.

C. A rise in input costs for producers.

D. A technological regression.

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

An increase in consumer income can lead to higher demand, shifting the demand curve to the right. The other options generally cause movements along the curve or shifts in supply.

7. Which of the following factors influences the shift of supply curves?

A. Input costs, technology, natural events, expectations.

B. Consumer tastes and income levels.

C. Prices of related goods demand.

D. Number of buyers in the market.

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

Supply curves shift due to factors like technology, input costs, natural events, and expectations. Consumer tastes primarily affect demand.

8. What does the Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) measure?

A. The responsiveness of demand to changes in income.

B. The responsiveness of demand to changes in price.

C. The overall slope of the demand curve.

D. The responsiveness of supply to changes in price.

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

PED measures how much demand responds to price changes, indicating demand elasticity or rigidity.

9. What is the market condition called when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at a given price?

A. A surplus.

B. A shortage.

C. Market equilibrium.

D. Price floor.

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

A surplus occurs when supply exceeds demand at a particular price, often leading to downward pressure on prices.