Foundations of Civil and Common Law

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Law, Legal Traditions, and Institutional Development - Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

  • Civil law is rooted in Roman law, emphasizing codification and systematic doctrines.
  • Common law developed through judicial decisions, precedents and procedural rules.
  • Magna Carta (1215) limited royal authority and established procedural rights.
  • Henry II’s reforms introduced jury, writs, and itinerant justices, centralizing English justice.
  • Justinian’s Corpus Iuris Civilis is foundational for civil law systems.
  • Roman law classifies legal concepts into Persons, Things, and Actions.
  • The English legal system is practice-based with professional jurists; continental systems are doctrine-based. The Magna Carta's key clauses include due process and rights of barons.
  • Parliament evolved from royal councils into a bicameral legislative body.
  • Inns of Court in England trained lawyers; university law in continental Europe focused on Roman and canon law.
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Преглед на теста

1. What is the primary difference between civil law and common law traditions?

2. What is the primary origin of civil law? Options: Roman law, English customary law, Canon law, Islamic law

3. Which historical event significantly contributed to the development of centralized justice and legal reforms in England?

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Преглед на флашкартите

Civil law — origin?

Roman legal tradition and codification.

Civil law — origin and focus?

Rooted in Roman law, emphasizes codification.

Common law — development?

Case-based, judge-made law in England.

Common law — development?

Developed through judicial decisions and precedents.

Magna Carta — significance?

Limited royal power, established procedural rights.

Magna Carta — purpose?

Limited royal authority; established procedural rights.

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