Тест: Foundations of HRM: Theories, Economics, and Power — 10 въпроса

1. What are theories in HRM primarily considered to be?

A. Specific models or techniques used in HR practices

B. Comprehensive paradigms or perspectives guiding understanding

C. Unrelated concepts that do not influence HR analysis

D. Narrow, specialized hypotheses about individual HR issues

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

Theories in HRM are considered to be comprehensive paradigms or perspectives that guide understanding and analysis of phenomena within the field, as explicitly stated in the source content.

2. Who is the author associated with the development of Human Capital Theory in Personal Economics, and in what year was it introduced?

A. John Maynard Keynes, 1936

B. Gary Becker, 1964

C. Milton Friedman, 1957

D. Adam Smith, 1776

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

The correct answer is Gary Becker, 1964, as he is credited with developing Human Capital Theory in that year, according to the provided content. The other options are notable economists but are associated with different theories or periods, making them plausible distractors but incorrect in this context.

3. What is the primary role of Strategic Human Resource Management within an organization?

A. To handle employee grievances and disciplinary actions

B. To ensure compliance with labor laws and regulations

C. To manage employee payroll and benefits efficiently

D. To align HR practices with organizational strategic goals to support long-term success

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

The primary role of Strategic HRM is to align HR practices with the organization’s strategic goals, ensuring that human resources contribute directly to achieving long-term organizational success.

4. When was Human Capital Theory established or published?

A. 1980

B. 1950

C. 1964

D. 1975

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

Human Capital Theory was established by Gary Becker and published in 1964, making that the correct date of its publication.

5. How does the participation constraint differ from incentive compatibility in Principal-Agent Theory?

A. The participation constraint ensures the agent's effort aligns with the principal's interests.

B. Participation constraint is about minimizing control costs, while incentive compatibility is about sharing residual income.

C. Incentive compatibility relates to the agent's willingness to participate, whereas the participation constraint ensures effort maximization.

D. The participation constraint guarantees the agent's willingness to accept the contract, while incentive compatibility ensures effort is aligned with the principal's goals.

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

The participation constraint guarantees that the agent finds the contract acceptable enough to participate, while incentive compatibility ensures that the agent's effort is aligned with the principal's interests, motivating effort that benefits the principal.

6. Who is credited with proposing or developing Transaction Cost Analysis?

A. Ridder

B. Furubotn and Pejovich

C. Gary Becker

D. Oliver Williamson

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

Oliver Williamson is widely credited with developing Transaction Cost Economics, which forms the basis of Transaction Cost Analysis, especially in the context of organizational and contractual decision-making.

7. Which of the following power resources primarily causes employer control over the employer-employee relationship?

A. Employee skills and qualifications

B. Legal protections for workers

C. Employee collective bargaining power

D. Ownership rights and control of technology

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

Ownership rights and control of technology are core employer power resources because they directly enable the employer to control work processes and organizational direction, thus causing employer control over the relationship. Employee collective bargaining and legal protections influence employee power, not employer control, while employee skills relate to employee capacity, not employer power.

8. How can actors in an organization apply their power resources to influence HR practices in a political perspective?

A. By leveraging control over information and decision-making rights to shape HR policies

B. By increasing their financial investments to directly fund HR initiatives

C. By implementing strict rules that limit employee participation in decision-making

D. By focusing solely on legal compliance to avoid conflicts in HR policies

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

The correct answer is that actors leverage control over information and decision-making rights to influence HR practices, which aligns with the political perspective that HR policies are shaped by power dynamics and actor interests.

9. What is a key property of labour power according to Marx's theory?

A. Labour power cannot be permanently sold or owned as property.

B. Labour power is only relevant in the context of factory work.

C. Labour power is an activity that transforms resources into products.

D. Labour power can be permanently owned and sold as property.

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

According to Marx's theory, labour power is a unique commodity that cannot be permanently owned or sold as property, which is why slavery is impossible—workers cannot be permanently bound to an employer through ownership of their capacity to work.

10. What is conflict management within personnel policy?

A. A method of avoiding all conflicts in the workplace

B. A way to escalate conflicts to achieve organizational goals

C. A process of handling conflicts through strategies to prevent, mitigate, or resolve disputes

D. A technique for ignoring conflicts to maintain harmony

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

Conflict management is defined as the process of handling conflicts within personnel policy by employing strategies to prevent, mitigate, or resolve disputes, aiming to maintain stability and promote constructive interactions.