Тест: Globalization and Uneven Territories — 18 въпроса

1. What best describes globalization as it affects territories?

A. A trade policy that removes customs barriers between neighboring countries

B. A process limited to the movement of goods across oceans

C. A long-term process linking places worldwide through economic, cultural, and human flows

D. A political system that creates identical development levels in every state

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

Globalization is defined as a long-term process connecting territories through economic, cultural, and human flows. It does not make development uniform everywhere, which is why territorial inequalities persist.

2. What does selective integration mean in the context of globalization?

A. Only capital cities participate in global networks

B. Some territories are integrated while others remain only partly connected

C. Some territories are fully isolated from global flows

D. All territories benefit equally from global exchanges

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

Selective integration refers to unequal participation in globalization, where some territories connect strongly and others only partly. This helps explain why globalization produces uneven inclusion across space.

3. Which territories make up the expanded Triad?

A. The United States, Western Europe, and Japan

B. Latin America, South Asia, and Africa

C. East Asia, North America, and Europe

D. The European Union, Russia, and the Middle East

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

The expanded Triad is the broader set of the most integrated territories in globalization: East Asia, North America, and Europe. The older Triad was the United States, Western Europe, and Japan.

4. What is a key feature of BRICS+ in the source material?

A. It refers to the least connected territories in global trade

B. It represents the oldest industrial powers of the 19th century

C. It is a military alliance created to control maritime routes

D. It groups emerging countries whose rise challenges the North-South divide

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

BRICS+ groups well-known emerging countries whose growing weight challenges the older North-South divide. The text links their rise to increasing economic and geopolitical influence.

5. What is a maritime facade?

A. A border zone where customs are collected on land routes

B. A protected ocean area with no commercial traffic

C. A river valley that connects a capital city to its suburbs

D. A coastal zone organized around ports and extending inland

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

A maritime facade is a coastal zone organized around ports and extending inland for varying distances. It functions as an interface between sea routes and inland territories.

6. Which pair of straits is identified as major checkpoints linked to the Eastern Asian maritime facade?

A. Bering Strait and Magellan Strait

B. Panama Canal and Suez Canal

C. Gibraltar Strait and Bosporus Strait

D. Malacca Strait and Taiwan Strait

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

The Malacca Strait and Taiwan Strait are named as major maritime checkpoints for the Eastern Asian facade. They concentrate strategic connections along global sea routes.

7. What is protectionism?

A. A policy of opening all markets without restrictions

B. A form of border cooperation that increases cross-border mobility

C. A trade agreement that removes all customs duties

D. A set of measures shielding domestic industries with barriers such as tariffs

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

Protectionism protects domestic industries through tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, and similar restrictions. This is the opposite of free trade liberalization.

8. How can a border be understood in the source material?

A. Only as a military barrier blocking movement

B. As a zone that exists only on maps and not in reality

C. As a line, a control point, or an interaction area depending on context

D. Only as a fixed line separating states

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

The text explains that borders can be seen in different ways: as a line, as a control point such as a checkpoint or airport, or as an interaction area. This depends on the function being emphasized.

9. What is a global city?

A. A city defined only by having more than 10 million inhabitants

B. A small town connected only to nearby rural areas

C. A city whose role is limited to local retail and housing

D. An urban center with influence on a global scale through finance, decision-making, innovation, and culture

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

A global city exerts influence worldwide through finance, decision-making, innovation, and cultural production. A city with more than 10 million inhabitants is a megacity, which is a different concept.

10. Which set lists the three named megalopolises in the source material?

A. London, Paris, and Tokyo

B. North America, Africa, and Oceania

C. The Mediterranean coast, the Andes, and the Sahara

D. The American Northeast, Western Europe, and East Asia

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

The three named megalopolises are the American Northeast, Western Europe, and East Asia. These are vast urbanized areas made of several conurbations.

11. What best describes a partially integrated southern country in globalization?

A. A territory that dominates world finance and technological innovation

B. A territory that benefits from resources or low labor costs but still faces political and economic limits

C. A territory that belongs to the original Triad of the United States, Western Europe, and Japan

D. A territory with no participation in international trade or foreign investment

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

A partially integrated southern country is connected to globalization through resources or low labor costs, but it remains constrained by political and economic weaknesses. The other options describe global powers, near-absence, or the Triad.

12. Which country is presented as virtually absent from globalization?

A. Vietnam

B. Nigeria

C. Indonesia

D. Somalia

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

Somalia is listed among the cases virtually absent from globalization. Vietnam, Nigeria, and Indonesia are given as examples of partially integrated countries.

13. What does territorial inequality within a country refer to?

A. The uneven distribution of wealth, services, and development across regions of the same state

B. The concentration of only political power in the capital city

C. The division of the world into rich and poor continents

D. The equal spread of economic growth across all regions of a state

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

Territorial inequality within countries is defined as uneven access to wealth, services, and development across internal regions. The other choices either reverse the idea or shift to a different scale.

14. How is Nigeria used to illustrate national territorial inequalities?

A. All regions benefit equally from global manufacturing growth

B. The north is linked to global oil exports while the south remains marginalized

C. The south is linked to global oil exports while the north remains marginalized

D. The capital city is the only area connected to world markets

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

Nigeria is presented as an example of uneven integration in which southern regions are tied to global oil exports, while northern regions remain marginalized. This shows how globalization can deepen inequalities inside a country.

15. What is urban shrinkage?

A. A process in which cities gain political power over surrounding regions

B. A demographic and economic decline that reduces a city's population density and economic functions

C. A rapid increase in city population linked to suburban expansion

D. A shift from maritime trade to inland transport

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

Urban shrinkage is defined by demographic and economic decline that structurally weakens a city's density and economic roles. The other options describe growth, governance, or transport changes instead.

16. Which consequence is associated with deindustrialization in former manufacturing regions?

A. Job losses, declining services, and demographic decline

B. Greater control of global financial markets

C. A complete disappearance of all urban functions

D. Rising industrial employment and stronger local services

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

Deindustrialization is linked to the loss of manufacturing activity, which produces job losses, weaker services, and population decline. The other options contradict the effects described in the course.

17. What is urban fragmentation?

A. The replacement of local inequalities by national borders

B. A partial or absolute divide within a city across social, economic, and political dimensions

C. A strict separation between the city and the countryside

D. A uniform sharing of wealth and services across all neighborhoods

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

Urban fragmentation refers to internal divisions within a city across social, economic, and political dimensions. It is not the same as a city-country divide or equal distribution.

18. Why does middle-class growth make urban fragmentation harder to read as a strict divide?

A. It prevents cities from benefiting from global flows

B. It blurs urban inequality patterns by creating more mixed social spaces

C. It eliminates the need for infrastructure and public services

D. It removes all differences between wealthy and poor neighborhoods

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

Middle-class growth can complicate city inequalities by mixing social groups and softening simple winner-loser boundaries. This is why fragmentation is not treated as a perfectly binary divide.