Karteikarten: Artificial Intelligence Question Bank — 39 Karten

How does an intelligent agent perceive its environment?

Through sensors.

What does the PEAS framework specify for an agent?

Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, and Sensors.

What action does a rational agent select?

The action expected to maximize its performance measure.

What determines a deterministic task environment?

The next state is fixed by the current state and action.

What characterizes a stochastic task environment?

Outcomes involve uncertainty.

What do intelligent agent architectures determine?

How percepts are transformed into actions.

Name one type of intelligent agent architecture.

Simple reflex architecture.

Name another type of intelligent agent architecture besides simple reflex.

Model-based, goal-based, or utility-based architecture.

What distinguishes uninformed from informed search?

Uninformed search uses no problem-specific heuristic information.

What guides exploration in informed search?

Additional knowledge guides exploration in informed search.

Which nodes does Breadth-First Search expand first?

It expands the shallowest unexpanded nodes first.

Which node does Depth-First Search expand?

It expands the deepest unexpanded node.

What does Depth-First Search do when a branch cannot produce a solution?

It backtracks when a branch cannot produce a solution.

Which frontier node does Uniform Cost Search expand?

It expands the node with the lowest accumulated path cost.

What does a problem-solving agent formulate before searching?

It formulates a goal and state-space problem.

What does a problem-solving agent search for?

It searches for an action sequence that reaches a goal state.

What does a heuristic function estimate in search algorithms?

The cost of reaching a goal from a given state.

How does A* search prioritize nodes?

By combining the cost so far with a heuristic estimate of remaining cost.

What is the main step in hill climbing search?

Moving to a better neighboring state repeatedly.

What unique feature does simulated annealing have in local search?

It can accept some worsening moves while reducing tolerance over time.

How does an online search agent operate in an unknown environment?

By interleaving acting and searching while discovering the environment.

What does the minimax strategy select in game playing?

A move that maximizes the best outcome against a minimizing opponent.

What does alpha-beta pruning remove in game trees?

Branches that cannot affect the final minimax decision.

What three components define a constraint satisfaction problem?

Variables, their domains, and constraints on value combinations.

What does backtracking search do when a CSP constraint is violated?

Returns to an earlier variable assignment.

How does backtracking search assign CSP variables?

Incrementally, one at a time.

What is the purpose of constraint propagation in CSPs?

To remove domain values that cannot form consistent assignments.

What does a knowledge-based agent store and use to choose actions?

It stores facts and rules and uses inference.

How does propositional logic represent knowledge?

As propositions that are true or false combined with logical connectives.

What elements does First-Order Logic represent about a domain?

Objects, predicates, relations, functions, and quantified statements.

What is the main method of forward chaining in reasoning?

Repeatedly applying rules whose premises match known facts.

How does backward chaining begin its reasoning process?

By starting with a goal and searching for rules and facts to establish it.

What causes uncertainty in artificial intelligence?

An agent cannot determine the true state or outcome with complete confidence.

What does Bayesian inference update using evidence and prior beliefs?

The probability of hypotheses.

What does a Bayesian network represent using a directed graphical structure?

Probabilistic dependencies among variables.

How does exact inference calculate probabilities?

Through an exact computation.

How does approximate inference estimate probabilities?

Using methods suitable for large Bayesian networks.

What assumption does Naive Bayes classification use when assigning a class?

A conditional-independence assumption.

What reasoning does Naive Bayes classification apply to assign a class?

Bayesian reasoning.