Hypertension — pathophysiology?
Increased peripheral resistance and volume expansion.
Hypertension — definition?
High blood pressure ≥130/80 mmHg.
ACE inhibitors — role?
Block angiotensin II formation, causing vasodilation.
Primary vs secondary hypertension — difference?
Primary no identifiable cause; secondary due to underlying condition.
Diuretics — mechanism?
Increase renal sodium and water excretion.
Vasoconstriction — effect on BP?
Increases peripheral resistance and BP.
RAAS — role in hypertension?
Regulates blood pressure; overactivation raises BP.
Diuretics — main action?
Increase sodium and water excretion.
ACE inhibitors — target?
Block angiotensin-converting enzyme.
Vaughan Williams Class I — drug type?
Na+ channel blockers for arrhythmias.
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1. What does the Vaughan Williams classification refer to in cardiology?
2. What is the primary characteristic of hypertension as defined in the overview?
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