Karteikarten: Fundamentals of Life and Evolution — 18 Karten

Characteristics of Life — key features?

Cellular organization, metabolism, heredity, response, homeostasis, adaptation.

Scale of Life — units?

Micrometres (μm) and nanometres (nm).

Natural Selection — requirements?

Variation, inheritance, selection, and time.

Endosymbiosis theory — explanation?

Eukaryotic organelles originated from engulfed bacteria.

Phylogenetic trees — purpose?

Show evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Origin of Life — main hypothesis?

RNA world, mineral catalysis, panspermia, hydrothermal vents.

Fossil record — oldest evidence?

Microfossils and stromatolites, ~3.4 billion years old.

Cell size — eukaryotes?

10 to 100 micrometres (μm).

Cell size — prokaryotes?

Less than 5 micrometres (μm).

Domains of Life — three?

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.

Bacteria — cell wall?

Peptidoglycan present.

Archaea — temperature growth?

Can grow above 100°C.

Eukarya — features?

Nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, no peptidoglycan.

Shared characters — role?

Indicate common ancestry in phylogenetics.

Fossil cells — age?

About 3.4 billion years ago.

Organism size — examples?

Microscopic cells to organisms spanning kilometers.

Biomass distribution — significance?

Affects ecosystem energy flow and structure.

Largest organism — example?

Polyploid seagrass clone, thousands of years old.