Genetics Fundamentals and Inheritance

📋 Course Outline

1. Mendelian Genetics
2. Non-Mendelian Inheritance
3. Genetic Terminology
4. Punnett Squares
5. Pedigree Analysis
6. Sex-linked Traits
7. Meiosis Process
8. Genetic Variation
9. Mitosis vs. Meiosis

📖 1. Mendelian Genetics

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Gregor Mendel (1865): The "father" of genetics, who conducted experiments breeding pea plants to understand how traits are inherited and discovered fundamental genetic principles.
• Mendelian inheritance patterns: The basic principles of how traits are passed from parents to offspring, including concepts of dominant and recessive alleles, and the segregation and independent assortment of genes.
• Dominant and recessive allele expression in Mendelian traits: In Mendelian inheritance, the dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype if present, while the recessive allele is only expressed when paired with another recessive allele, as established by Mendel's experiments.
• P generation: The original parent organisms in a genetic cross, serving as the starting point for breeding experiments.
• F1 generation: The first filial generation, consisting of the offspring resulting from a cross between P generation individuals. Mendel observed that F1 offspring typically express the dominant trait.
• F2 generation: The second filial generation, produced by crossing F1 individuals, where Mendel noted the reappearance of recessive traits in a predictable ratio,…