Fundamentals of Classical and Modern Physics

📋 Course Outline

1. Newton's Laws
2. Mass and Density
3. Work and Power
4. Energy Conservation
5. Simple Machines
6. Oscillations
7. Mechanical Waves
8. Relativity Principles
9. Quantum Physics

📖 1. Newton's Laws

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Inertia: The property of an object to resist changes in its state of motion. An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion continues in straight line at constant speed unless acted upon by an external force.
• Force: An interaction that causes a change in an object's motion, characterized by magnitude and direction. It is measured in newtons (N).
• Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia): An object remains at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.
• Newton's Second Law: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon it and inversely proportional to its mass, expressed as $F = ma$.
• Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When two objects interact, the force exerted by the first on the second is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by the second on the first.

📝 Essential Points