What is social science the scientific study of?
Human society, social relationships, individual behavior, groups, institutions, and ways people live, work, make rules, and think.
How does the functional view define social science?
As the study of how groups manage resources, power, rules, and survival.
Which methods does social science use to study phenomena like prices and jobs?
Listening, observation, and deep description.
What does Psychology study about individuals?
Internal and behavioral patterns, human nature, and behavior.
What is the focus of Political Science?
Government and the state, including power, governance, and political behavior.
What subjects does Anthropology study?
Humanity, human societies, biological evolution, language, and cultural traditions.
What aspects does Economics study?
Wages, labor, production, and the distribution of wealth.
What does Economics include about people's use of resources?
How people use and earn money and resources to meet unlimited wants.
What is ethics in relation to morality?
Ethics is the practical science of morality.
What does ethics study regarding human acts?
Ethics studies human acts with reference to right and wrong.
What does ethics establish for right living?
Ethics establishes principles of right living.
What is morality?
Morality is the quality of goodness or badness in a human act.
What are norms of morality?
Norms of morality are standards, criteria, rules, principles, or laws.
What is the purpose of norms of morality?
They determine why human acts are morally right or wrong.
What are human acts?
Human acts are voluntary actions performed with knowledge and consent.
What characterizes human acts regarding control and responsibility?
Human acts are under a person's control and for which the person is responsible.
What is Law in relation to ethics?
Law is crystallized ethics governing external acts.
What does Law presuppose about actions?
Distinctions between right and wrong and good and bad.
What is the aim of politics?
Good government for the temporal welfare of citizens.
Which postulates do religion and ethics share?
A Creator, freedom of the human will, immortality, and humanity's ultimate end.
What is a professional code of ethics?
A set of behavioral guidelines for members of a profession.
What can happen if someone violates a professional code of ethics?
They may face fines, reprimands, suspension, or expulsion.
Name one possible sanction for violating a professional code of ethics.
Payment of investigation costs.
What sanction may restrict a member's professional status after code violation?
Conditions on membership.
What is philosophy the study of?
Love and wisdom.
What does philosophy investigate through human reason?
The meaning and worth of reality.
Between which years did philosophical thinkers examine human existence and morality?
From 600 BCE to the 1700s.
Which methods did philosophers use to examine knowledge and society from 600 BCE to the 1700s?
Reason, observation, logic, and reflection.
What is the Socratic method?
A questioning method to discover truth.
What does the Socratic method emphasize besides discovering truth?
Self-knowledge and ethical living.
Where was Socrates born?
Athens
Who is known as the Father of Western Philosophy?
Socrates
What philosophical method did Socrates establish?
The Socratic method
Who wrote The Republic?
Plato
What did Plato believe is the source of knowledge?
Reason
What areas did Aristotle study?
Politics, ethics, logic, and natural sciences
Who is known as the Father of Sociology?
Auguste Comte
What did Auguste Comte introduce to study human society scientifically?
Positivism
What did Socrates identify virtue with?
Knowledge
According to Socrates, what is vice identical with?
Ignorance
What did Socrates claim about knowingly committing evil acts?
No one commits an evil act knowingly
What does the critique of Socrates argue about knowledge and evil acts?
A person may have knowledge yet deliberately commit evil acts
What did Plato believe about people's intrinsic nature?
People are intrinsically good
According to Plato, what causes moral conflict and evil actions?
Irrational parts of the soul producing ignorance
What does psychology study compared to ethics?
Psychology studies how people behave, ethics studies how people ought to behave.
What does sociology study compared to ethics?
Sociology studies social order and interactions, ethics studies moral order in society.
What does economics study compared to ethics?
Economics studies wages, labor, production, and wealth distribution, ethics studies morality of economic activity.
What does logic study compared to ethics?
Logic studies right thinking and reasoning, ethics studies right living and moral conduct.
What does theoretical philosophy study?
Truths to be known.
What is the focus of practical philosophy?
Truths to be acted upon.
What does epistemology study?
Knowledge including its definition, sources, criteria, kinds, truth degree, and knower-known relation.
What does logic study?
Conditions under which conclusions follow from premises and are logically valid.
How does deductive reasoning proceed?
From universal truth to a particular conclusion.
How does inductive reasoning proceed?
From particular cases to universal or general principles.
What distinguishes human acts from acts of man?
Human acts are deliberate, knowledgeable, voluntary, and morally assessable.
What characterizes good, evil, and indifferent acts?
Good acts align with right reason; evil acts contradict it; indifferent acts are neither good nor evil.
Test your knowledge with 28 questions on Social Science and Ethics.
1. Concerning social science, tick the exact proposition(s):
2. Which propositions accurately describe the functional perspective on social science?
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