Flashcards: Solutions and Ideal Gases — 37 cards

What formula gives the mass of solute to dissolve in a solution?

$m_{\text{solute}}=n_{\text{solute}}M_{\text{solute}}=C_{\text{solute}}V_{\text{solution}}M_{\text{solute}}$

What is the first step in preparing a solution by dissolution?

Determining the required mass of solid solute.

What is the second step in preparing a solution by dissolution?

Dissolving the solute in the chosen solvent volume.

What happens during ionic solid dissolution in water?

The solid separates into aqueous ions.

How is the dissolution of iron(III) chloride represented?

$\mathrm{FeCl_3(s)}\xrightarrow{\text{water}}\mathrm{Fe^{3+}(aq)}+3\mathrm{Cl^-(aq)}$

What is the iron(III) ion concentration in an FeCl₃ solution?

It equals the FeCl₃ concentration, $[\mathrm{Fe^{3+}}]=C(\mathrm{FeCl_3})$.

What is the chloride ion concentration in an FeCl₃ solution?

It is three times the FeCl₃ concentration, $[\mathrm{Cl^-}]=3C(\mathrm{FeCl_3})$.

What equation expresses solute conservation during dilution?

$C_{\text{daughter}}V_{\text{daughter}}=C_{\text{mother}}V_{\text{mother}}$

How is the dilution factor defined in terms of volumes?

$F=\frac{V_{\text{daughter}}}{V_{\text{mother}}}$

How is the dilution factor related to solute concentrations?

$F=\frac{C_{\text{mother}}}{C_{\text{daughter}}}$

What is mass percentage in a solution?

Mass percentage is the mass of solute in 100 g of solution.

What is the formula for mass fraction $w$?

$w=\frac{m_{\text{solute}}}{m_{\text{solution}}}$

How is mass percentage $w'$ calculated from mass fraction?

$w'=w \times 100=\frac{m_{\text{solute}}}{m_{\text{solution}}} \times 100$

How is mass fraction related to mass concentration and solution density?

$w=\frac{C_{m(\text{solute})}}{\rho_{\text{solution}}}$

How can solution density be expressed using water density?

$\rho_{\text{solution}}=d(\text{solution}) \times \rho_{\text{water}}$

What is the density of water in $\mathrm{kg\,L^{-1}}$?

$1.00\,\mathrm{kg\,L^{-1}}$

What is the density of water in $\mathrm{g\,mL^{-1}}$?

$1.00\,\mathrm{g\,mL^{-1}}$

What is the density of water in $\mathrm{kg\,m^{-3}}$?

$1000\,\mathrm{kg\,m^{-3}}$

What defines an ideal gas regarding particle interactions?

Its entities are sufficiently far apart to have no interactions.

When is the ideal-gas model valid regarding pressure and temperature?

Only at low pressures and temperatures far from boiling.

What is the ideal-gas law formula relating pressure, volume, amount, and temperature?

$PV=nRT$

What is the value and unit of the gas constant $R$ in SI units?

$R=8.314\,\mathrm{Pa\,m^3\,mol^{-1}\,K^{-1}}$

How do you convert Celsius temperature to Kelvin?

By adding 273.15 to the Celsius value.

What formula calculates the amount of substance $n$ from pressure, volume, and temperature?

$n=\frac{PV}{RT}$

How many moles of hydrogen are in 5.0 L at 20 °C and the stated pressure?

0.21 moles

What is molar volume of an ideal gas?

The volume occupied by one mole of gas.

What formula expresses molar volume $V_m$ of an ideal gas?

$V_m=\frac{RT}{P}$

How is the amount of gas $n$ related to volume $V$ and molar volume $V_m$?

$n=\frac{V}{V_m}$

What is the molar volume at 0 °C and 1013 hPa?

22.4 L mol⁻¹

What is the molar volume at 20 °C and 1013 hPa?

24.1 L mol⁻¹

What happens to gas volume if temperature increases at constant pressure?

The volume increases.

What is measured to determine calcium carbonate content in soil?

The volume of carbon dioxide produced.

How is the amount of carbon dioxide calculated from its volume?

By dividing the volume by the molar volume at given conditions.

What is the amount of carbon dioxide for 72 mL at 20 °C and 1013 hPa?

3.0 × 10⁻³ moles.

How is calcium carbonate mass calculated from carbon dioxide amount?

By multiplying the amount by calcium carbonate's molar mass.

What is the calcium carbonate mass for 3.0 × 10⁻³ moles?

0.30 grams.

What is the calcium carbonate mass percentage in the soil sample?

25%.