Operating Systems Fundamentals

Revision sheet excerpt

Operating System Processes & Memory Management Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

  • Processes are the fundamental units of execution, identified by PID.
  • System calls like fork() create new processes; exec() replaces process image.
  • Process states: ready, running, blocked; managed by the scheduler.
  • Threads are lightweight subprocesses sharing the same address space.
  • Virtual memory uses paging and segmentation; managed via tables.
  • Page replacement algorithms include, LRU, and Clock.
  • Synchronization mechanisms: semaphores, mutexes, monitors prevent race conditions.
  • Hardware features: registers, interrupts, privilege modes, cache, and protection.
  • Deadlock occurs with mutual exclusion, hold-and-wait, no preemption, circular wait.
  • Modern OS evolution: mechanical → vacuum tube → transistor → integrated → distributed/virtualized.

2. 🧩 Key Structures & Components

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Quiz preview

1. What is the primary purpose of the fork() system call in process management?

2. What function in Unix-like operating systems is used to create a new process by cloning the parent process?

3. Which page replacement algorithm approximates the Least Recently Used (LRU) strategy by using reference bits?

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Flashcards preview

Process — creation method?

fork() and exec() system calls

Processes — definition?

Units of execution identified by PID.

Thread — resource sharing?

Share address space within a process

System calls — function?

Create or replace processes (`fork()`, `exec()`).

Page replacement — strategy?

FIFO, LRU, Clock algorithms

Process states — examples?

Ready, running, blocked.

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What does the revision sheet on Operating Systems Fundamentals cover?

The revision sheet covers the essential concepts of Operating Systems Fundamentals. It is organized by topic to facilitate learning and memorization, with key definitions, explanations and summaries.

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The quiz contains 10 multiple-choice questions with detailed corrections and explanations for each answer. Ideal for testing your knowledge and identifying gaps.

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