1. In what year did Giuseppe Mercalli develop the scale used to measure earthquake intensity based on observed effects?
2. When was the scientific classification of volcanoes into shield and composite types most widely established?
3. What are some of the major effects or consequences of volcanic eruptions?
Earth's innermost layer —?
Solid, mainly iron and nickel
Outer core —?
Liquid, generates Earth's magnetic field
Mantle —?
Semi-molten rock, drives plate movement
Oceanic crust —?
Thin, dense, young crust
Continental crust —?
Thick, less dense, older crust
Destructive boundary —?
Plates converge, causes subduction and volcanoes
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