Interdependence: The reliance of organisms within a community on each other for vital services such as food, shelter, and reproduction (pollination, seed dispersal). For example, birds depend on trees for shelter, and flowers rely on bees for pollination.
Competition: The struggle between organisms for limited resources such as light, space, water, food, or mates. It can occur within a species (intraspecific) or between different species (interspecific), affecting population sizes and community structure.
Stable community: A balanced ecosystem where biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors are in equilibrium, resulting in roughly constant population sizes. Such communities are resilient to environmental changes, examples include tropical rainforests and coral reefs.
Effect of species removal or addition: Introducing or removing a species can significantly alter population dynamics within a community, often disrupting predator-prey relationships and leading to changes in the abundance of other species.
1. Which of the following best describes a key feature of ecological interdependence within a community?
2. Who is credited with proposing the concept of energy flow in ecosystems?
3. What are abiotic factors in an ecosystem?
Ecological interdependence — definition?
Organisms rely on each other for survival.
Competition — effect?
Limits resources, affects populations.
Stable community — characteristic?
Constant populations, resilient to change.
Ecosystem — components?
Community + abiotic factors.
Abiotic factors — examples?
Light, temperature, moisture, soil pH, wind.
Biotic factors — examples?
Predators, food, competition.
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