Development & Globalqualities Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

• Development signifies overall improvements in living standards and quality of life.
• Key indicators: HDI, MPI, Gini coefficient, GDP per capita, life expectancy, education.
• HDI combines economic, health, and education metrics; ranges from 0 to 1.
• Gini coefficient measures income inequality; 0 = perfect equality, 1 = maximum inequality.
• Major disparities: North vs South, urban vs rural, regional and local inequalities.
• Actors include UN, NGOs, governments, private sector; their goals may diverge.
• Development trajectories: autocentric (protectionism), extravert (market-oriented), emerging models.
• Transition phases: industry → services → digital economy → renewable energy.
• Challenges: poverty, informal settlements, infrastructure deficits, gender and rural disparities.
• Sustainable development balances economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection.
• 2015 UN SDGs: 17 goals targeting poverty, inequality, climate, and sustainability.
• High HDI countries still face inequalities, urban-rural gaps, and regional disparities.

2. 🧩 Key Structures & Components