UK Political Representation & Democracy: Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

• The UK lacks a written constitution, relying on conventions and statutes.
• Women gained the right to stand for Parliament in 1918; representation has increased gradually.
• Ethnic minorities have seen a significant rise in MPs since 2009, especially in England.
• political crises (e.g., 2019 prorogation) expose constitutional weaknesses.
• Shift from traditional representative democracy to deliberative democracy is ongoing- Diversity in Parliament has improved but remains uneven across regions.
• The system faces criticism for limited citizen influence and legitimacy.
• Reforms are needed to enhance democratic accountability and inclusiveness.
• The House of Commons is the primary legislative chamber; the House of Lords is unelected.
• Political crises highlight the need for constitutional reform and clearer rules.

2. 🧩 Key Structures & Components