What defines food safety according to the FAO?
People always have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food.
What does food safety imply about food supply and quality?
Adequate, stable supply without shortages, access, good quality, and safety.
With what is food safety strongly associated in developed countries?
Hygiene and food safety controls.
What are the aims of food safety?
Availability of healthy and safe food, consumer health, and food crisis control.
In which year did contaminated colza oil cause a food crisis in Spain?
1981
In which year did mad cow disease cause a food crisis in the United Kingdom?
1996
In which year did chicken dioxins cause a food crisis in Belgium?
1999
What do food safety crises create that requires restoring consumer confidence?
A social and economic priority
How is consumer confidence restored after food safety crises?
Through an effective and credible food safety system
What is a food hazard?
A biological, chemical, or physical agent or condition in food causing adverse health effects.
Which hazards are physical in food safety?
Wood, glass, metal, jewellery, and teeth are physical hazards.
Which hazards are chemical in food safety?
Toxins, mycotoxins, heavy metals, additives, disinfectants, and pesticides are chemical hazards.
Which hazards are biological in food safety?
Bacteria, parasites, viruses, and prions are biological hazards.
Why may a hazard be found in food?
Because it is present, contaminates food, increases, or survives/persists.
What effects can chemical hazards cause?
Long-term carcinogenic or accumulative effects and short-term allergic or acute toxicity.
What are the three types of foodborne bacterial disease?
Infection, intoxication, and toxi-infection.
Name some foodborne bacteria listed in the course.
Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Vibrio spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella spp., Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella spp.
How do veterinary professionals protect public health?
By ensuring the consumption of safe and healthy food.
What economic interests do veterinary professionals protect for consumers?
Product quality and authenticity.
What does veterinary supervision cover in the food chain?
Food and food establishments from farm to table.
Which veterinary activity is exclusive in food safety?
Slaughterhouse inspection.
What are government veterinary roles in food safety?
Inspection and control throughout the food chain, advice on food law, and action during food crises.
How do veterinarians in the food industry apply mandatory self-control?
Through HACCP systems.
What voluntary systems do veterinarians implement in the food industry?
Voluntary quality systems.
In what activities do veterinarians participate besides control and quality systems?
Food analyses, research, development, and innovation.
What is a control measure in food safety?
An action to prevent, eliminate, or reduce a food safety hazard.
What do prerequisites provide in a food enterprise?
Appropriate general working conditions throughout the enterprise.
What do critical control points address in food safety?
Specific hazard points or stages for a product and production line.
Name three components of prerequisite plans in food safety.
Water quality control, cleaning and disinfection, and training of food handlers.
Which activities are included in prerequisite plans besides training and cleaning?
Preventive maintenance, pest control, waste management, and traceability control.
What are the five sources of hazards in food safety?
Manipulators, material, method, milieu, and machinery.
What does HACCP stand for?
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points.
What type of system is HACCP internationally recognized as?
A preventive food safety system.
What does European Regulation 852/2004 require from food business operators?
To create, implement, and maintain a food safety system based on HACCP principles.
Which organizations are associated with the Codex Alimentarius?
WHO and FAO.
When did the Codex Alimentarius adopt HACCP as a food safety system?
From the 1980s.
Who developed HACCP for NASA?
Pillsbury.
Why was HACCP developed for NASA by Pillsbury?
Because food safety needed to be incorporated into food design, not just final product analysis.
What are the preliminary HACCP activities?
Forming a multidisciplinary team, describing product and distribution, intended use and consumers, developing and checking a process flow chart.
What is the first step in HACCP development?
Performing hazard analysis.
What must a HACCP flow chart cover?
Every company-controlled stage from raw material receipt to finished product distribution.
What is the main focus of HACCP?
Critical control points (CCPs).
What type of approach is HACCP?
Preventive and dynamic.
What does HACCP require from the company?
Self-control to obtain safe food.
Test your knowledge with 20 questions on Food Safety and HACCP.
1. Which condition best expresses the meaning of food safety?
2. Which situation demonstrates food availability rather than food access?
Review the complete course in the study sheet for Food Safety and HACCP.
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