Cuestionario: Fundamentals of Cell Structure and Function — 5 preguntas

1. Who is credited with formulating the parts of the cell theory?

A. Louis Pasteur

B. Matthias Schleiden

C. Theodor Schwann

D. Charles Darwin

Answer: (B)

Explicación

Schleiden and Schwann are credited with formulating the cell theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells. The source specifically mentions Schleiden & Schwann as key figures in this development.

2. What is the primary purpose of the simple and small structure of prokaryotic cells?

A. To allow rapid growth and basic metabolic functions

B. To support long-term storage of genetic material

C. To enable complex compartmentalization of cellular activities

D. To facilitate the formation of specialized tissues

Answer: (A)

Explicación

The simplicity and small size of prokaryotic cells are primarily to enable rapid growth and carry out basic metabolic functions efficiently, as they lack complex internal structures for specialized tasks.

3. In the development of cell theory, when was the idea that new cells originate from pre-existing cells established as a fundamental principle?

A. During the 19th century with the formulation of cell theory by Schleiden and Schwann

B. In the early 20th century with advances in microscopy

C. In the late 17th century with the discovery of microorganisms

D. In the 21st century with modern genetic research

Answer: (A)

Explicación

The idea that new cells come from pre-existing cells was established during the 19th century as part of the formulation of cell theory by Schleiden and Schwann. The source highlights this principle as a core part of the theory, which was developed in that period, making option 2 the correct answer.

4. What specific role does the nucleus play in relation to genetic material?

A. It produces energy for the cell

B. It stores genetic information in the form of DNA

C. It transports molecules within the cell

D. It synthesizes proteins directly from DNA

Answer: (B)

Explicación

The nucleus's key role in relation to genetic material is to store genetic information in the form of DNA, which contains instructions for cell functions. This is explicitly stated in the source as 'It stores genetic information in the form of DNA.' The other options refer to functions performed by different parts of the cell or are incorrect.

5. Which characteristic of the cell membrane is most directly responsible for its role in regulating the internal environment of the cell?

A. Its flexibility and fluidity

B. Its selective permeability to substances

C. Its ability to form lipid bilayers

D. Its rigidity and structural support

Answer: (B)

Explicación

The cell membrane's role in regulating the internal environment is primarily due to its selective permeability, which allows it to control which substances can enter or leave the cell. The source states that the membrane 'controls what enters and leaves the cell' and is 'selectively permeable,' making this the key characteristic.