Flashcards: The Study of Personality — 42 cards

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1Question

What does personality consist of?

Answer

Characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, behavior, and their psychological mechanisms.

2Question

What does personality psychology study?

Answer

Whole, functioning individuals in their daily environments.

3Question

Which three components form the psychological triad?

Answer

Thought, emotion, and behavior.

4Question

What does thought concern in psychology?

Answer

How people think.

5Question

What does emotion concern in psychology?

Answer

What people feel.

6Question

What does behavior concern in psychology?

Answer

How people behave.

7Question

Are inconsistencies between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors common?

Answer

Yes, they are common in human psychology.

8Question

Why is personality psychology difficult when understanding a person entirely?

Answer

Because trying to understand everything about a person at once is complex.

9Question

How should researchers approach personality psychology to manage its difficulty?

Answer

They should search for more specific patterns.

10Question

How does personality psychology make its mission more feasible?

Answer

By limiting observations, patterns, and ways of thinking about those patterns.

11Question

What does personality psychology seek to identify?

Answer

Specific patterns in personality.

12Question

Does personality psychology aim to explain every aspect of a person simultaneously?

Answer

No, it does not aim to explain every aspect simultaneously.

13Question

How does personality psychology help in relationships and business?

Answer

It helps understand relationships and supports industrial-organizational psychology.

14Question

What role does personality psychology play in business hiring?

Answer

It helps select appropriate persons for particular job positions.

15Question

How does personality psychology relate to clinical psychology?

Answer

It provides a foundation for clinical psychology.

16Question

What does personality psychology contribute to psychological health?

Answer

It contributes to understanding psychological health.

17Question

How can personality psychology affect understanding physical health?

Answer

It contributes to understanding physical health.

18Question

What can personality psychology predict about illness and longevity?

Answer

It can predict illness and longevity.

19Question

What is an approach in personality theory?

Answer

A theoretical view focusing on some phenomena and ignoring others.

20Question

What does the trait approach study in personality?

Answer

How individual differences are conceptualized, measured, and followed over time.

21Question

What does the biological approach examine in personality?

Answer

How brain anatomy, physiology, evolution, and genetics influence behavior and personality.

22Question

What does the psychoanalytic approach focus on?

Answer

The unconscious mind and internal mental conflict resolution.

23Question

What does the phenomenological approach study?

Answer

People’s conscious experience of the world and their sense-making.

24Question

What unique human attributes does the humanistic approach emphasize?

Answer

Growth, self-actualization, and personal fulfillment from conscious awareness.

25Question

What does the cross-cultural approach examine?

Answer

How different cultures influence people’s experience of reality and the world.

26Question

Which authors published the cross-cultural approach in 2019?

Answer

Neubauer et al., 2019.

27Question

What does the learning approach explain about behavior changes?

Answer

It explains how rewards, punishments, and life experiences lead to behavior changes.

28Question

What does classic behaviorism focus on?

Answer

It focuses on how overt behavior is shaped by conditioning.

29Question

What question does classic behaviorism ask about behavior?

Answer

It asks how reinforcements influence behavior.

30Question

What does social learning explain about learned behavior?

Answer

It explains how observation determines learned behavior.

31Question

What factors does social learning say shape behavior?

Answer

Social and environmental factors shape behavior.

32Question

Why are personality approaches not mutually exclusive?

Answer

They address different questions and key concerns.

33Question

What have major advocates of basic personality approaches claimed?

Answer

Their approach explains everything worth explaining while ignoring others' concerns.

34Question

What is the One Big Theory in personality psychology?

Answer

A proposed theory to explain all personality phenomena.

35Question

What is a central objection to relying on One Big Theory?

Answer

It likely cannot explain everything because it accounts for certain things only.

36Question

What does Funder’s First Law state about strengths and weaknesses?

Answer

Great strengths are usually great weaknesses, and often the opposite is true.

37Question

What is an advantage of personality psychology’s broad mandate?

Answer

It accounts for whole persons and real-life concerns.

38Question

What risk arises from personality psychology’s broad mandate in the wrong hands?

Answer

It can produce overly broad or unfocused research.

39Question

How can a president’s shiftiness be a strength?

Answer

It enables flexible responses to changing circumstances.

40Question

What positive traits have presidents high in narcissism shown?

Answer

They have been good at public persuasiveness, crisis management, getting votes, and passing legislation.

41Question

What negative outcomes are associated with presidents high in narcissism?

Answer

They have been more likely accused of unethical conduct and impeached.

42Question

In what ways do people differ according to unit 29?

Answer

They differ in preferences, attractions, desired occupations, and life goals.

Test yourself with the quiz

Test your knowledge with 22 questions on The Study of Personality.

1. Which pairing correctly distinguishes the three domains of the psychological triad?

2. Which topic would be the central concern of the psychoanalytic approach?

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