Flashcard: Foundations of Syntactic Structures — 14 carte

Morpheme — smallest meaningful unit?

The smallest unit carrying meaning.

Allomorph — variants of?

Variants of the same morpheme in different environments.

Free morpheme — can stand?

Yes, as an independent word.

Bound morpheme — cannot stand?

Alone; must attach to other morphemes.

Cranberry morpheme — characteristic?

Limited to specific words, no independent meaning.

Root — core of?

The fundamental lexical unit.

Affix — attaches where?

To a root or base as prefix or suffix.

Transformational grammar — focus?

Sentence structure via deep and surface forms.

Deep structure — represents?

Underlying syntactic meaning before transformation.

Surface structure — is?

The spoken or written sentence after transformation.

Universal Grammar — posited by?

Chomsky, innate principles shared across languages.

Constituent — functions as?

A single syntactic unit within a sentence.

Tree diagram — visualizes?

Hierarchical and linear relations of sentence parts.

X-Bar Theory — describes?

Hierarchical phrase structure with head, specifier, complement.