Flashcard: Language Brain and Disorders — 20 carte

Aphasia types — main forms?

Wernicke’s, Broca’s, global, conduction, crossed aphasia.

Wernicke’s aphasia — comprehension?

Impaired understanding of spoken language.

Broca’s aphasia — speech?

Non-fluent, effortful speech.

Global aphasia — severity?

Severe impairment in both understanding and producing language.

Conduction aphasia — hallmark?

Impaired repetition, preserved comprehension.

Anterior vs posterior aphasia?

Anterior affects speech production; posterior affects comprehension.

Disconnection syndromes — cause?

Damage to white matter tracts connecting regions.

Phonology — role?

Study of speech sounds and rules.

Syntax — function?

Rules governing sentence structure.

Semantics — focus?

Meaning of words and sentences.

Orthography — definition?

Rules of spelling and letter-sound relations.

Prosody — importance?

Conveys emotion and emphasis in speech.

Speech comprehension — key region?

Left posterior regions, including Wernicke’s area.

Speech production — main area?

Left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca’s area).

Reading routes — two main?

Phonological (nonlexical) and direct (lexical) routes.

Grapheme-to-phoneme rules — role?

Decode written words into sounds.

Surface dyslexia — deficit?

Impaired direct route, trouble with irregular words.

Phonological dyslexia — problem?

Disrupted phonological route, trouble with nonwords.

Agraphia — what?

Loss of writing ability.

Neologisms — meaning?

Made-up words, often in fluent aphasia.