Flashcard: Scottish Industrial and Urban Transformation — 20 carte

Industrialisation — definition?

Society's shift to manufacturing-based economy.

Urbanisation — role?

Demographic shift to city living.

Migration — movement?

People relocating within Scotland; emigration is leaving the country.

Population growth in Scotland?

Rapid increase post-1830, especially in Glasgow.

Push and pull factors?

Conditions prompting or attracting migration.

Highland push factors?

Famine, poverty, land evictions.

Highland famine?

Potato blight caused widespread starvation.

Decline of Highland industries?

Kelps, wool, fishing declined due to market changes.

Highland Clearances — purpose?

Evict crofters for sheep farming profits.

Lowland migration causes?

Industrial jobs and better wages.

Heavy industry — examples?

Coal, iron, shipbuilding.

Unplanned urban growth?

Rapid city expansion without infrastructure.

Migration — internal vs abroad?

Within Scotland versus leaving for other countries.

Population in Glasgow — trend?

Significant growth due to urban migration.

Push factors — examples?

Poverty, famine, political oppression.

Pull factors — examples?

Higher wages, freedom, opportunities.

Highland migration — main cause?

Famine, land clearances, poverty.

Landlord evictions — reason?

To replace crofters with profitable sheep farming.

Crofters — what?

Small-scale Highland farmers.

Emigration schemes?

Landowners funded Highlanders' migration abroad.