Flashcard: Fundamentals of First Aid and Injury Management — 24 carte

First Aid — principles?

Preserve life, prevent worsening, promote recovery.

Basic ABC — focus?

Airway, Breathing, Circulation.

Diabetes Mellitus — types?

Type 1: autoimmune, insulin-dependent; Type 2: insulin resistance.

Type 1 Diabetes — characteristic?

Juvenile, autoimmune, insulin-dependent.

Type 2 Diabetes — characteristic?

Adult, insulin resistance, may not need insulin.

Diabetic emergency — cause?

Imbalance of insulin and glucose levels.

Hypoglycemia — blood sugar?

Lower than 70 mg/dL.

Hyperglycemia — blood sugar?

Higher than 130 mg/dL.

Signs of diabetic emergency?

Altered consciousness, rapid breathing, dizziness, confusion.

First aid for hypoglycemia?

Give sugar if conscious, seek help if no improvement.

First aid for hyperglycemia?

Seek medical help; do not give food if unconscious.

Bone fracture — caused by?

Trauma, falls, accidents, sports injuries.

Common fracture types?

Comminuted, compression, depressed, impacted, spiral, greenstick.

Most common fractured bone?

Clavicle.

First aid for fractures?

Call emergency, immobilize, do not move victim, reassure.

Muscle injury — types?

Strain, sprain, tear, contusion, cramp.

Muscle injury — symptoms?

Pain, swelling, stiffness, limited movement.

First aid for muscle injury?

Rest, ice, compression, elevation.

Wound — classifications?

Clean, contaminated, infected; open or closed.

Open wound — example?

Laceration, puncture, avulsion.

Closed wound — example?

Bruise, contusion.

Control bleeding — method?

Apply direct pressure with sterile dressing.

Clean wound — steps?

Wash with water, remove debris, cover with sterile dressing.

Wound — prevent infection?

Clean thoroughly, cover properly, seek medical help if needed.