Flashcard: Fundamentals of Human Blood and Homeostasis — 18 carte

Internal environment — definition?

Extracellular liquids bathing cells.

Claude Bernard — role?

Introduced concept of internal environment.

Homeostasis — purpose?

Maintain stable internal environment.

Negative feedback — mechanism?

Counteracts initial change.

Positive feedback — mechanism?

Amplifies initial change.

Blood plasma — function?

Transports nutrients, gases, waste.

Serum — difference from plasma?

Lacks fibrinogen after clotting.

Albumin — role?

Maintains oncotic pressure.

Erythrocytes — function?

Transport oxygen and CO2.

Hematopoiesis — location?

Occurs in bone marrow.

Hematopoietic stem cell — role?

Gives rise to all blood cells.

Hematopoietic lineages — examples?

Myeloid: RBCs, granulocytes, monocytes; Lymphoid: B, T, NK cells.

Hemostasis — phases?

Vasoconstriction, platelet plug, fibrin clot.

Blood groups — basis?

Surface antigens on RBCs.

Osmolality — what?

Osmoles per kilogram of water.

Tonicity — what?

Effective osmotic concentration affecting cells.

Na+,K+-ATPase — function?

Maintains ion gradients using ATP.

Starling forces — influence?

Water movement across capillaries.