Toxicology of Carbon Monoxide, Organophosphates, and Psychotropes

Estratto della scheda di revisione

Poisoning by Carbon Monoxide (CO), Organophosphates, and Psychotropes — Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

  • CO poisoning results from inhalation of incomplete combustion gases, hypoxia via hemoglobin binding.
  • Carboxyhem (HbCO) levels >15% indicate intoxication; >50% often fatal.
  • Organophosphates irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase, leading to cholinergic crisis.
  • Cholinesterase activity (pseudo and true) helps confirm organophosphate poisoning.
  • Psychotropic overdose affects CNS, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems; antidotes include flumazenil and naloxone.
  • Treatment for CO: high-flow oxygen and hyperbaric oxygen; for organophosphates: atropine + pralidoxime.
  • CO affinity for hemoglobin is 200-250x that of O2; half-life reduces from 320 min in air to 23 min with hyperbaric oxygen.
  • Organophosphates cause muscarinic, nicotinic, and central symptoms.
  • Psychotropes include sedatives, stimulants, neuroleptics, antidepressants, lithium.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for prognosis.

2. 🧩 Key Structures & Components

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Anteprima del quiz

1. What is the primary mechanism by which carbon monoxide (CO) causes toxicity in the human body?

2. What level of carboxyhemoglobin (%HbCO) typically indicates poisoning, and what level is often fatal according to the revision sheet?

3. Which of the following clinical signs is most characteristic of organophosphate poisoning?

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Anteprima delle flashcard

CO — binding to hemoglobin?

Reversibly binds, displacing oxygen

CO poisoning — primary cause?

Inhalation of incomplete combustion gases.

CO toxicity — mechanism?

HbCO formation causes hypoxia and mitochondrial inhibition

HbCO levels indicating intoxication?

Above 15%; >50% often fatal.

Organophosphates — action?

Inhibit cholinesterases, causing cholinergic crisis

Organophosphates — mechanism?

Irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase.

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