Quiz: Cell Biology and Genetics Fundamentals — 6 domande

1. What is the main role of the cell membrane in cellular activity?

A. To synthesize proteins

B. To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

C. To produce energy for the cell

D. To store genetic information

Answer: (B)

Spiegazione

The cell membrane primarily functions to regulate what enters and exits the cell, maintaining homeostasis. It does not produce energy (which mitochondria do), store genetic info (which the nucleus does), or synthesize proteins (which ribosomes do).

2. What is the primary function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

A. To produce ATP through aerobic respiration

B. To synthesize proteins

C. To store genetic information

D. To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Answer: (A)

Spiegazione

Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouses' of the cell because they generate ATP via aerobic respiration, providing energy for cellular functions. Protein synthesis occurs at ribosomes, DNA is stored in the nucleus, and the cell membrane controls substance movement.

3. How do mitosis and meiosis differ in their outcomes regarding genetic diversity and cell number?

A. Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes.

B. Mitosis reduces chromosome number, but meiosis maintains it.

C. Mitosis produces four genetically diverse cells, while meiosis produces two identical cells.

D. Mitosis involves two rounds of division, but meiosis involves only one.

Answer: (A)

Spiegazione

Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and repair, while meiosis creates four genetically diverse gametes with half the chromosome number, crucial for sexual reproduction.

4. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

A. Interphase

B. Prophase

C. Metaphase

D. Cytokinesis

Answer: (A)

Spiegazione

DNA replication takes place in the S phase of interphase, preparing the cell for division by ensuring each daughter cell will have an identical set of chromosomes.

5. Which scientist is credited with discovering the structure of DNA in 1953?

A. James Watson and Francis Crick

B. Gregor Mendel

C. Rosalind Franklin

D. Erwin Chargaff

Answer: (A)

Spiegazione

James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with elucidating the double helix structure of DNA in 1953, building on Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction data.

6. What role do ribosomes play within a cell?

A. Protein synthesis

B. Lipid production

C. DNA replication

D. Waste elimination

Answer: (A)

Spiegazione

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery where proteins are assembled based on genetic instructions, essential for cell function and structure.