Flashcard: Cognitive and Perception Principles — 24 carte

Cognitive Model — definition?

A theoretical framework describing mental processes and interactions.

Executive Function — role?

Regulates goal-directed behavior, planning, and decision-making.

Working Memory — capacity?

Limited to about 7±2 items.

Central Executive — function?

Directs attention and manages subsystems of working memory.

Cognitive Architecture — purpose?

Simulates human cognition's structure and processes.

Production System — mechanism?

Behavior governed by condition-action rules.

Gestalt Principles — examples?

Proximity, similarity, closure, continuity, figure-ground.

Top-Down Processing — driven by?

Prior knowledge and expectations.

Bottom-Up Processing — driven by?

Sensory input from environment.

Perceptual Load Theory — suggests?

High load reduces distractor processing.

Mirror Neurons — discovery?

Fire during action and observation, linking perception and action.

Cherry’s Dichotic Listening — finding?

Selective attention filters auditory input but some info breaks through.

Memory Systems — main types?

Working memory and long-term memory.

Episodic Buffer — role?

Integrates information into a coherent episode.

Long-Term Memory — subdivisions?

Explicit (episodic, semantic) and implicit (procedural).

Flashbulb Memories — characteristic?

Vivid, detailed, emotionally charged, but fallible.

Source Monitoring Errors — cause?

Mistakes in recalling the origin of a memory.

Von Restorff Effect — describes?

Enhanced memory for distinctive items.

Deductive Reasoning — nature?

Logical, from general premises to specific conclusions.

Inductive Reasoning — nature?

Probabilistic, from specific observations to generalizations.

Wason Card Task — demonstrates?

Confirmation bias in reasoning.

Language Properties — key?

Productivity, arbitrariness, displacement.

Displacement — ability?

Referring to objects/events not present in time or space.

Syntactic Priming — effect?

Increases likelihood of using same syntactic structure.