Flashcard: Genetic Processes and Molecular Structures — 20 carte

DNA double helix — structure?

Two strands wound in a spiral.

DNA packaging — process?

DNA wraps around histones to form chromosomes.

3‘- and 5‘- ends — orientation?

Determine DNA strand directionality and replication.

Nucleotides — basic units?

Sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base.

DNA bases — four types?

A, T, C, G.

Sugar in DNA — component?

Deoxyribose.

DNA replication — timing?

During S phase of cell cycle.

Replication — mechanism?

Bidirectional, semiconservative.

Key enzymes in replication?

Helicase, DNA polymerase, ligase.

Leading strand — synthesis?

Continuous in 5’ to 3’ direction.

Lagging strand — synthesis?

Discontinuous, in Okazaki fragments.

Transcription — process?

DNA to mRNA in nucleus.

Location of transcription?

Nucleus in eukaryotic cells.

DNA vs RNA — sugar?

DNA: deoxyribose; RNA: ribose.

DNA vs RNA — bases?

DNA: T; RNA: U replaces T.

Transcription of codogenic strand — role?

Produces mRNA complementary to template strand.

Translation — location?

Cytoplasm at ribosome.

tRNA — role?

Carries amino acids, recognizes mRNA codons.

Genetic code — universality?

Shared across nearly all organisms.

Genetic code — redundancy?

Multiple codons encode same amino acid.