Flashcard: Genetics Fundamentals and Inheritance — 18 carte

Mendelian inheritance patterns

Traits follow dominant and recessive principles.

P generation — definition?

Original parent organisms in a genetic cross.

F1 generation — role?

First offspring from P generation cross.

F2 generation — significance?

Second filial, shows recessive traits reappear.

Non-Mendelian inheritance — examples?

Incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles.

Incomplete dominance — outcome?

Heterozygotes show intermediate phenotype.

Codominance — expression?

Both alleles expressed simultaneously.

Multiple alleles — trait example?

Blood types: IA, IB, i.

Gene — role?

DNA segment coding for a trait.

Allele — definition?

Different forms of a gene.

Dominant allele — symbol?

Expressed if present, uppercase letter.

Recessive allele — symbol?

Masked if dominant allele present, lowercase.

Genotype — what?

Genetic makeup of an organism.

Phenotype — what?

Observable traits of an organism.

Punnett Square — purpose?

Predict offspring genotypes and probabilities.

Monohybrid cross — focus?

Single trait inheritance.

Dihybrid cross — analyze?

Two traits simultaneously.

Pedigree analysis — use?

Trace inheritance patterns across generations.