Flashcards: Islamic Ethics and Branches of Faith — 52 cards

How is preserving one human life described in Q.S. al-Māidah/5:32?

It is likened to preserving the lives of all humanity.

When does Q.S. al-Māidah/5:32 allow killing a person?

Only if that person killed another or caused corruption on earth.

What does Q.S. al-Māidah/5:32 say about people exceeding limits?

Many exceeded limits by spreading corruption despite clear evidence from messengers.

What is the first step in studying Q.S. al-Māidah/5:32 with tajwid?

Reading it with tartil.

What practice follows reading Q.S. al-Māidah/5:32 with tartil?

Practicing alternately with a partner.

What are the final two steps in studying Q.S. al-Māidah/5:32?

Memorizing it and then writing it.

Which tajwid rule involves a slight echoing sound in Q.S. al-Māidah/5:32?

Qalqalah sughra.

Name a tajwid rule from Q.S. al-Māidah/5:32 that deals with nasalization.

Ikhfa haqiqi.

Which tajwid rule in Q.S. al-Māidah/5:32 relates to the pronunciation of alif lam?

Alif lam qamariyah.

What actions are included in protecting life according to Quraish Shihab?

Forgiving a family member’s killer, saving from disaster, and defending against unjust killing.

What acts are prohibited as corruption in al-Maraghi's Tafsir?

Threatening safety, damaging land, harming descendants, armed theft, seizing property, and damaging public facilities.

Whose lives must Muslims protect besides fellow Muslims?

Non-Muslims who do not fight Muslims or live peacefully in the country.

Which author interprets protecting life as including forgiving a family member’s killer?

Quraish Shihab in Tafsir al-Misbah.

Which author lists threatening safety and damaging land as corruption?

al-Maraghi in Tafsir al-Maraghi.

What is a muʿāhad in Islamic terms?

A non-Muslim promised security by Muslims who does not fight them.

What consequence does the hadith in al-Bukhari state for killing a muʿāhad?

They will not smell the fragrance of Paradise.

How far can the fragrance of Paradise be smelled according to al-Bukhari's hadith?

From a journey of forty years.

What must not be done to a muʿāhad according to Abu Dawud's hadith?

They must not be wronged, have security violated, be overburdened, or have property taken without consent.

What does the hadith reported by Muslim prohibit regarding sharp weapons?

Pointing a sharp weapon at another person.

Why does the hadith reported by Muslim forbid pointing a sharp weapon at a sibling?

Because angels curse the one who does so.

Who does Ulu al-amr broadly refer to among Muslims?

People holding authority such as rulers, scholars, and leaders.

In which Qur'anic verses does the expression ulu al-amr appear?

In Q.S. an-Nisa verses 59 and 83.

What kind of responsibility does Ulu al-amr bear?

Heavy responsibility.

How should Ulu al-amr act in their duties?

Honestly and with good intentions.

What is obedience in Islamic context?

Submission of heart and body to Islamic law and commands of Allah, His Messenger, and authorized people when not disobedient.

When must Muslims obey their leaders according to al-Bukhari?

In matters of maʿruf, regardless of liking or the leader's justice.

What command must Muslims refuse even if given by their leader?

Commands to commit maksiat (disobedience).

What are the limits of obedience to a leader?

Leader must not openly reject Islam, command disobedience, or act oppressively.

What is Taʿawun in Islamic teaching?

Cooperation in goodness and piety.

On what is Taʿawun grounded?

Obedience to Allah.

What does Q.S. al-Māidah/5:2 command regarding cooperation?

Cooperation in righteousness and piety.

What does Q.S. al-Māidah/5:2 prohibit in cooperation?

Cooperation in sin and hostility.

What types of help can be given to others?

Material or non-material help.

Give an example of non-material help for someone in hardship.

Giving advice and motivation.

Name one way to implement Taʿawun.

Easing others’ difficulties.

Name another way to implement Taʿawun.

Protecting others’ privacy.

What is Amar ma’ruf nahi munkar in Islamic teachings?

Inviting people to goodness and preventing evil to seek Allah’s pleasure.

What are the three stages of the Prophet’s daʿwah by Muhammad al-Ghazali?

Awakening thinking, building conviction, and establishing a system.

How do most scholars classify amar ma’ruf nahi munkar according to Imam al-Nawawi?

As fardhu kifayah, an obligation for those able to perform it.

What is the first step in the amar ma’ruf nahi munkar process?

Verifying the wrongdoing.

What follows gentle advice if it is rejected in amar ma’ruf nahi munkar?

Using firm words.

What is the final step in amar ma’ruf nahi munkar during an emergency?

Resisting the wrongdoing.

What are the four pillars of amar ma’ruf nahi munkar?

Muhtasib, muhtasab ‘alaih, muhtasab fih, and nafs al-ihtisab.

Who described the three conceptual stages of the Prophet’s daʿwah?

Muhammad al-Ghazali.

What is the ruling on giving salam in general?

Giving salam is generally sunnah kifayah.

What is obligatory when answering a salam addressed to one person?

Answering a salam addressed to one person is personally obligatory.

What is the ruling on answering a salam addressed to a group?

Answering a salam addressed to a group is fardhu kifayah.

What happens if no one answers a salam addressed to a group?

All who heard it are sinful if no one answers.

What is considered the highest form of excellence in answering salam?

Everyone answering a salam addressed to a group is the highest excellence.

When is giving or answering salam considered makruh?

It is makruh during toilet use, intercourse, sleeping, eating, praying, or calling adhan.

Why may a person who is praying not answer salam?

Answering salam while praying would invalidate the prayer.

According to Imam Ibnu Katsir's Tafsir, what is obligatory when returning a salam?

Returning a salam with an equivalent response is obligatory.