Flashcard: Nelson Mandela: From Village Roots to Global Leader — 24 carte

Mandela's birth in South Africa

Born July 18, in a rural village.

First in family to attend school

Mandela was the first to receive formal education.

Expected to become tribal chief

He was expected to follow his father's leadership role.

Mandela chose law over tribal leadership

He pursued law instead of traditional tribal leadership.

Mandela became a lawyer for blacks

He established the first black law practice in South Africa.

Mandela joined ANC

He became involved in anti-apartheid political activism.

ANC Youth League role

Led by Mandela, promoted radical resistance among youth.

Non-violent protests used

Boycotts, strikes, and civil disobedience campaigns.

1948 election significance

National Party victory led to apartheid laws.

Apartheid system defined

A policy of racial segregation and discrimination.

Population Registration Act

Classified South Africans by race, foundation of apartheid.

Defiance Campaign (1952)

Mass civil disobedience movement against apartheid laws.

Congress of the People (1955)

Peaceful gathering to promote unity and the Freedom Charter.

Mandela's shift to armed resistance

Post-1959, advocated militant action against apartheid.

Creation of PAC

Militant group advocating direct action, founded in 1959.

Mandela charged with sabotage

During Rivonia Trial, sentenced to life imprisonment.

Mandela's imprisonment on Robben Island

Arrested 1962, became global symbol of resistance.

Mandela's release date

February 11, 1990.

Mandela's first Black presidency

Sworn in 1994, symbolizing end of apartheid.

End of apartheid laws

Repeal of key laws like the Population Registration Act.

First democratic elections

Held in 1994, Mandela elected president.

Mandela's reconciliation efforts

Used symbols like rugby to unite South Africans.

Post-presidency activities

Founded 'The Elders' group for global issues.

The Elders' mission

Address global conflicts, promote peace and justice.