Flashcard: Protein Engineering and Development — 18 carte

Protein engineering — definition?

Designing and modifying proteins for specific functions.

Rational design — role?

Uses structural knowledge to make targeted modifications.

Directed evolution — method?

Generates variants and selects desired traits via screening.

Site-directed mutagenesis — purpose?

Introduces specific amino acid changes at defined positions.

Gene editing — main tool?

CRISPR-Cas9 for precise genomic modifications.

Post-translational modification — example?

Phosphorylation alters protein activity and signaling.

Analytical technique — X-ray crystallography?

Determines 3D atomic structure of proteins.

Protein structure — hierarchy?

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary levels.

Mutagenesis — purpose?

Create protein diversity for functional improvements.

Bioinformatics — role?

Predicts structures, functions, guides engineering.

PTMs — impact?

Regulate activity, localization, stability of proteins.

Engineered proteins — applications?

Medicine, industry, diagnostics, research tools.

Design process — first step?

Gather requirements and define goals.

Protein folding — principle?

Proteins fold via specific pathways, avoiding random conformations.

Gene editing — risk?

Off-target effects and ethical concerns.

Protein modification — strategies?

Chemical modifications, PTMs, bio-conjugation.

Analytical tech — mass spectrometry?

Identifies proteins and post-translational modifications.

Application — therapeutic proteins?

Engineered proteins for disease treatment, e.g., antibodies.