Flashcard: Understanding Modern Britain — 22 carte

UK population (2023) — estimate?

67.7 million people in July 2023.

Declining birth rate — effect?

Aging population and fewer young people.

Increasing life expectancy — years?

79 for men, 82.9 for women in 2020.

Senior citizens — rising proportion?

More people aged 65+ in the population.

Family size — trend?

Families becoming smaller and more atomised.

Aristocracy — definition?

Highest social class, inherited wealth and titles.

Upper Middle Class — role?

Professionals with higher education and resources.

Upper Class — characteristics?

Inherited wealth, land, social influence.

Middle Class Professions — examples?

Lawyers, doctors, teachers.

Underclass — description?

Marginalized, unemployed, dependent on welfare.

Wealth gap — in UK?

Significant disparity between rich and poor.

North-South divide — issue?

Regional economic disparities and income differences.

Ethnic composition (2021) — White?

74.4% White British in England and Wales.

Ethnic minorities — trend?

Increasing diversity due to immigration.

Controversies over immigration — cause?

Debates on integration, identity, and social cohesion.

Immigration policies — recent change?

Stricter visa rules, post-Brexit adjustments.

Citizenship test — introduced?

In 2003, compulsory since 2007.

Cultural preservation — challenge?

Can hinder broader societal integration.

Women in society — progress?

More representation, breaking glass ceilings.

Gender pay gap (2022) — percentage?

8.3% less earnings for women.

Social mobility — challenge?

Limited upward movement, influenced by background.

Monuments — role?

Symbols of collective memory and identity.