Flashcard: Biology Fundamentals and Ecosystem Dynamics — 24 carte

Binomial Nomenclature — rules?

Genus capitalized, species lowercase, italicized or underlined.

Osmosis — in potato cylinders?

Water moves across membranes, affected by sucrose concentration.

Photosynthesis site — in chloroplast?

Light-independent stage occurs in the stroma.

Leaf adaptations — for photosynthesis?

Large surface area, thin cuticle.

Bile — role?

Emulsifies fats for digestion.

HCl — role?

Activates enzymes, kills microbes.

Left ventricle — wall?

Thicker than right, pumps at high pressure.

Mitral valve — location?

Between left atrium and ventricle.

Xylem — adaptation?

Lignified walls, hollow tubes, pits.

Insect gas exchange — site?

Tracheoles directly deliver gases to tissues.

Alveoli — adaptation?

Thin walls and large surface area.

Aerobic respiration — site?

Mitochondria.

Anaerobic respiration — difference?

No oxygen, less ATP, produces lactic acid or alcohol.

Kidney unit —?

Nephron.

ADH — function?

Regulates water reabsorption in kidneys.

Blood sugar — regulation?

Insulin lowers, glucagon raises blood glucose.

Fungi — characteristic?

Chitin cell walls, heterotrophic, spores.

Food chain — producer?

Synthesizes own food via photosynthesis.

Food chain — four levels?

Producer → primary → secondary → tertiary consumer.

Frog decline — effect?

Disrupts food chain, ecosystem imbalance.

Hawk — trophic level?

Top predator, usually quaternary level.

Xylem — function?

Water conduction and structural support.

Insect respiration — adaptation?

Tracheal system with spiracles.

Respiration — energy source?

Glucose breakdown in mitochondria.