Flashcard: Fundamentals of Chemistry and Matter — 20 carte

Chemistry — definition?

Study of substances, their properties, reactions.

States of matter — particles?

Solids: close-packed, limited movement; gases: far apart, rapid movement.

Elements — composition?

Pure substances of one atom type.

Measurement units — SI?

Standard units like meter, kilogram, second.

Law of conservation — mass?

Mass remains constant in a chemical reaction.

Atomic mass — unit?

Relative mass compared to 1/12 of carbon-12.

Mole — definition?

Amount of substance with 6.022×10²³ particles.

Chemical formula — purpose?

Shows element ratios in a compound.

Stoichiometry — focus?

Quantitative relationships in chemical reactions.

Properties of matter — examples?

Shape, volume, density, state.

Ancient Indian chemistry?

Rasayan Shastra; metallurgy, dyes, glass.

Atomic theory — origin?

Acharya Kanda, 600 BCE, 'Paramanu' concept.

States of matter — interconvertible?

Yes, by changing temperature and pressure.

Classification of substances?

Elements, compounds, mixtures.

Measurement — scientific notation?

Expressing large/small numbers efficiently.

Law of multiple proportions?

Simple whole-number ratios in compounds.

Atomic vs molecular mass?

Atomic: atom's mass; molecular: molecule's mass.

Empirical formula?

Simplest ratio of elements in a compound.

Molecular formula?

Actual number of atoms in a molecule.

Chemical equation — importance?

Shows reactants, products, and their ratios.