Flashcard: Fundamentals of Mammalian and Avian Respiratory Physiology — 24 carte

External respiration — definition?

Gas exchange between atmosphere and blood.

Homeostatic regulation of pH — role?

Maintains blood pH via CO2 regulation.

Respiratory epithelium — function?

Protects and conditions inspired air.

Vocal cords — role?

Enable vocalization.

Water and heat loss — facilitation?

Via respiratory system as homeostatic compensation.

Conducting system — responsibility?

Warms, humidifies, filters inspired air.

Respiratory apparatus — main components?

Trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli.

Airway resistance — influenced by?

Airway radius and physical factors.

Neural control — effect on bronchial smooth muscle?

Regulates constriction and dilation.

Spirometry — measures?

Lung volumes and capacities.

Lung volume — varies?

Between species based on size and adaptation.

Pulmonary circulation — function?

Gas exchange via alveolar capillaries.

Bronchial circulation — role?

Supplies nutrients to airways and large vessels.

Bird lung ventilation — pattern?

Unidirectional with air sacs and parabronchi.

Gill ventilation — mechanism?

Flow-through water movement over lamellae.

Gas exchange — in fish gills?

Countercurrent flow maximizes oxygen uptake.

Hemoglobin — oxygen affinity affected by?

pH, temperature, CO2, 2,3-BPG.

CO2 transport — primary form?

Bicarbonate ions in plasma.

Neural control centers — examples?

PRG, DRG, VRG in brainstem.

Nonrespiratory lung functions?

Defense, metabolism, fluid exchange.

Airway resistance — formula?

R = △P/△V, influenced by airway radius.

Alveolar structure — key feature?

Thin epithelium for gas diffusion.

Oxygen transport — hemoglobin saturation curve?

Shows hemoglobin's oxygen affinity at various pressures.

Carbon dioxide — in blood?

Transported as bicarbonate, bound to hemoglobin, or dissolved.