Flashcard: Fundamentals of Physical Science — 20 carte

States of Matter — types?

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma.

Solid state — particle arrangement?

Particles tightly packed in fixed positions.

Liquid state — shape?

No fixed shape; takes container shape.

Gas state — particle movement?

Particles move freely and randomly.

Plasma — characteristics?

Ionized, high temperature, found in stars.

Phase change — energy?

Energy transfer without chemical change.

Melting point — definition?

Temperature where solid turns to liquid.

Density — formula?

Mass divided by volume (ρ = m/V).

Buoyancy — force direction?

Upward force on immersed objects.

Archimedes' principle — statement?

Buoyant force equals displaced fluid's weight.

Relative density — meaning?

Ratio of object density to water's density.

Gas law — Boyle's law?

P ∝ 1/V at constant T.

Gas law — Charles's law?

V ∝ T at constant P.

Ideal gas law — formula?

PV = nRT.

Electric current — units?

Amperes (A).

Voltage — role?

Provides energy to move charges.

Resistance — effect?

Opposes current flow.

Ohm's law — equation?

V = IR.

Series circuit — resistance?

Sum of individual resistances.

Parallel circuit — resistance?

Inverse sum of resistances.