Fundamentals of Physics and Earth Systems

📋 Course Outline

1. Wave behavior and sound
2. Light interactions and color
3. Electromagnetic radiation
4. Energy transfers and power
5. Magnetism and electrostatic forces
6. Electric circuits and resistance
7. Electromagnets and motors
8. Water cycle and Earth systems
9. Photosynthesis and carbon cycle
10. Bionic eye technology

📖 1. Wave behavior and sound

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Pitch : Pitch is the perceived highness or lowness of a sound determined by the wave’s frequency and wavelength.
• Wavelength : Wavelength is the distance between repeating points on a wave, measured along the direction of travel.

📝 Essential Points

• For sound waves, a shorter wavelength corresponds to a higher pitch.
• For sound waves, a longer wavelength corresponds to a lower pitch.
• Sound pitch is linked to how frequently the wave cycles occur, so frequency and wavelength act together for this relationship.

💡 Memory Hook

Shorter wavelength → higher pitch; longer wavelength → lower pitch.

📖 2. Light interactions and color

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Amplitude : Amplitude is the maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position.
• Refraction : Refraction is the change in direction of light when it passes between materials.

📝 Essential Points