Flashcard: Genetics and Cell Biology Fundamentals — 22 carte

DNA structure — base pairing?

A pairs with T; C pairs with G.

Genes — function?

Carry instructions for specific proteins.

Chromosomes — composition?

DNA tightly coiled with proteins.

Karyotype — purpose?

Displays chromosome number and structure.

Mitosis — outcome?

Genetically identical diploid cells.

Meiosis — purpose?

Produce haploid gametes for reproduction.

Fertilisation — process?

Sperm and egg fuse to form zygote.

Punnett square — use?

Predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes.

Mutations — effect?

Change in DNA sequence.

Genetic disorder — cause?

Result of harmful mutations.

Cell theory — statement?

All living things made of cells.

Prokaryotic cells — lack?

Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic cells — contain?

Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Cell organelles — produce?

Carry out specific cell functions.

Surface area — importance?

Affects exchange with environment.

Cell size — limitation?

Small size for efficient transport.

Variables — in experiments?

Independent, dependent, controls.

Bioethics — concern?

Moral issues in biology and genetics.

Genetic engineering — ethical issue?

Potential risks and misuse.

Cloning — method?

Create genetically identical organisms.

CRISPR — function?

Edit specific DNA sequences.

DNA — discovered?

By Friedrich Miescher in 1869.