Flashcard: Genetics Fundamentals and Inheritance — 18 carte

Alleles — definition?

Alternative forms of a gene.

Dominant vs recessive — difference?

Dominant shows in heterozygotes; recessive only in homozygotes.

Homozygous vs heterozygous — meaning?

Homozygous has identical alleles; heterozygous has different alleles.

Recessive trait — when observed?

Only when homozygous recessive.

Dominant trait — when observed?

In heterozygous or homozygous dominant.

Single-factor cross — purpose?

To study inheritance of one gene.

True-breeding parents — role?

Pure lines that pass traits reliably.

F1 generation — produced by?

Crossing two true-breeding parents.

F2 generation — produced by?

Crossing F1 individuals.

Gene locus — location?

Chromosome site of a gene.

Genotype notation — example?

TT, Tt, tt.

Punnett square — use?

Predict offspring genotypes and ratios.

Probability — formula?

Favorable outcomes divided by total outcomes.

Chance — in genetics?

Unpredictable outcome frequency.

Mendel’s law of segregation — states?

Alleles separate during gamete formation.

Predicting genotypes — method?

Use Punnett squares and inheritance rules.

Test cross — purpose?

Determine unknown genotype by crossing with tt.

Single-gene traits in animals — example?

EIC in dogs, coat types, leg length.