What is a constitution in a country?
The supreme law of a country.
What does a constitution determine about government?
Its form, formation, and functioning.
What does a constitution ensure about government?
That it is fair, responsible, and accountable to citizens.
What does separation of powers divide among government branches?
Governmental power and responsibility.
Which branches does separation of powers involve?
The executive, legislature, and judiciary.
What is the purpose of separation of powers?
To prevent concentration of power in one branch.
How do checks and balances operate among branches?
Each branch checks the actions of the other branches.
Give an example of a judicial check on another branch.
The judiciary invalidates an unconstitutional law.
Give an example of a legislative check on another branch.
The legislature questions the executive.
How is the president chosen in a presidential democracy?
The president is directly elected.
What roles does the president hold in a presidential democracy?
The president is both head of state and government.
How is the executive related to the legislature in a presidential democracy?
The executive is independent of the legislature.
How can a president be removed in a presidential democracy?
Only by impeachment for serious misconduct.
How is the executive formed in a parliamentary democracy?
Through the parliamentary system.
How do citizens participate in a parliamentary democracy?
They elect representatives.
When did the Constituent Assembly of India first meet?
9 December 1946
Until which date did the Constituent Assembly of India meet?
26 November 1949
How many sessions did the Constituent Assembly hold to debate India's Constitution?
Eleven sessions
On which date was India's Constitution finalised?
26 November 1949
When did India's Constitution come into force?
26 January 1950
What event occurred when India's Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950?
India became a republic
What are fundamental rights in a democracy?
Rights protected that the government cannot take away except in extreme cases.
What does direct democracy allow citizens to do?
Vote directly on laws and decisions.
How does representative democracy differ from direct democracy?
Citizens elect representatives to make laws and decisions for them.
What is a monarchy?
A government ruled by a monarch such as a king, queen, or emperor.
What types of monarchy exist?
Absolute and constitutional monarchies.
What defines an oligarchy?
Power concentrated in the hands of a small group of wealthy or influential people.
Who held power and authority in Maurya Empire's administration?
The emperor held power and authority.
Who assisted the emperor in Maurya Empire's administration?
Officials and ministers assisted the emperor.
Into which units was the Maurya Empire divided?
It was divided into provinces, cities, and villages.
Who usually governed provinces in the Maurya Empire?
Royal princes usually governed provinces.
In which year did Ashoka attack Kalinga?
In 261 BCE.
What event deeply affected Ashoka after immense destruction and loss of life?
The war against Kalinga.
What was Ashoka's dhamma?
A moral and ethical code.
What was the purpose of Ashoka's dhamma?
To promote happiness and well-being in society.
Which route ran from Gandhara to Tamralipti via northern Indian centres?
The Uttarapatha trade route.
Which city marked the eastern end of the Uttarapatha route?
Tamralipti on the Bay of Bengal.
Name one northern Indian centre on the Uttarapatha route.
Takshashila, Pataliputra, or Nalanda.
What made trade easier than barter in ancient India?
The increased use of punched-marked coins.
Why were punched-marked coins more convenient than barter?
They provided a more convenient unit of exchange.
How is the mean daily temperature calculated?
By averaging the maximum and minimum temperatures.
What is the mean daily temperature if max is 30°C and min is 20°C?
It is 25°C.
What is precipitation?
Water falling from the sky as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
How does precipitation form from water vapour?
Water vapour cools and condenses into droplets or ice crystals.
What is absolute humidity?
The actual amount of water vapour in a given air volume.
In what units is absolute humidity usually measured?
Grams per cubic metre (g/m³).
What does relative humidity compare?
Water vapour amount to the air's maximum capacity at that temperature.
How is relative humidity expressed?
As a ratio or percentage.
What is atmospheric pressure?
The force exerted on Earth's surface by the air column above it.
Why does atmospheric pressure decrease with altitude?
Because higher places have fewer air molecules and less dense air above them.
Test your knowledge with 24 questions on Government History and Weather.
1. What is the defining legal role of a constitution within a country?
2. Which situation best demonstrates the accountability that a constitution is intended to support?
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