Flashcards: Introduction to Computer Programming — 38 cartões

How long is the lecture time in Unit 1?

Two hours of lecture time.

Does Unit 1 include any laboratory work?

No, it includes no laboratory work.

Do students write or compile code in Unit 1?

No, students write and compile no code in Unit 1.

What is a computer?

A machine that stores data and executes instructions exactly as given.

What defines a program?

A complete set of instructions telling a computer how to perform one job.

What is an instruction in a program?

One single command inside a program.

How does a computer obey instructions?

It obeys literally, in order, unless told to jump, and never guesses.

What does a computer never do when an instruction is unclear?

It never guesses when an instruction has no single definite meaning.

Who is responsible for every instruction a computer executes?

The programmer is accountable for every instruction carried out.

Does programmer responsibility include omitted instructions?

Yes, it includes instructions omitted or failing to handle a case.

What does a system program manage to keep the computer working?

Memory, files, devices, and processor sharing.

What is the purpose of an application program?

To perform a job wanted by the user.

Give examples of jobs an application program performs.

Writing, browsing, or computing a grade.

What is an operating system in relation to system programs?

The main system program.

What resources does an operating system share among programs?

Memory, processor time, and files.

What digits does the binary number system use?

Digits 0 and 1.

What is machine language composed of?

Instructions written in binary.

Which language form can the processor execute directly?

Machine language.

How do you convert a binary number to decimal?

Add place values of positions containing 1.

What are the place values in binary from right to left?

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and so on.

What does assembly language use to write machine instructions?

Short command words like LOAD, ADD, and STORE.

How many machine steps does one assembly language word represent?

One machine step.

Why is a high-level language written?

For programmer convenience.

How many machine steps does one high-level language line represent?

Many machine steps.

What form is machine-level code in for the processor?

Binary code.

What does assembly-level code use for each machine step?

Short words.

What type of statements does high-level code use?

Readable statements for several machine steps.

What does a translator program do?

It converts source code from one language to another.

When does a compiler translate source code?

Before the program runs, translating the whole source file.

What output does a compiler produce?

A machine-code file saved on disk.

How does an interpreter execute source code?

It translates and runs one instruction at a time during execution.

Does an interpreter save a translated file?

No, it does not save a translated file.

How does compilation differ from interpretation in start time?

Compilation is slower to start than interpretation.

Which is faster to run: compiled or interpreted code?

Compiled code runs faster than interpreted code.

When does interpretation find errors compared to compilation?

Interpretation finds errors when the line is reached during execution.

How do you make an everyday instruction executable?

Replace every vague judgment with an exact condition and specify the exact output.

What exact output should be displayed if the grade is 75 or more?

PASSED

What exact output should be displayed if the grade is less than 75?

FAILED