Historical Unification and Colonial Movements

📋 Course Outline

1. Features of Capitalism
2. Features of Nationalism
3. Unification of Italy
4. Unification of Germany
5. American Civil War
6. Nationalism and Eastern Question
7. Colonial Motives in Africa
8. Scramble for Africa
9. Berlin Conference
10. Colonial Policies and Administration
11. African Resistance Movements
12. Impacts of Colonial Rule

📖 1. Features of Capitalism

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Private ownership: Means of production are owned by individuals or private entities rather than the state, allowing them to control resources and profits (source: "most means of production are privately owned").
• Profit motive: The primary goal of economic activity is to generate profit, encouraging entrepreneurs to innovate and compete (source: "creation of products and services in a capitalist economy is based on demand and supply").
• Free market competition: Economic activities are driven by supply and demand with minimal government interference, fostering competition among producers (source: "the creation of products and services in a capitalist economy is based on demand and supply, or free commerce and competition").
• Accumulation of capital: Wealth generated from profits is reinvested to expand production, leading to economic growth (source: "these riches sometimes referred to as ‘capital’, were used to fund Europe’s industrialization").
• Wage labor system: Workers sell their labor for wages to capitalists who…