Ancient Civilizations and Mediterranean Power

📋 Course Outline

1. Athenian Democracy & Pericles' Reforms
2. Citizenship & Political Participation
3. Delian League & Treasury Transfer
4. Roman Empire & Augustan Foundations
5. Augustus & Principate System
6. Roman Expansion & Frontier Defense
7. Mediterranean Trade & Cultural Exchange
8. Civilizations & Cross-Cultural Interactions
9. Religious Conflicts & Schisms
10. Crusades & Christian-Muslim Conflicts
11. Ottoman Conquest & Jihad

📖 1. Athenian Democracy & Pericles' Reforms

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Athenian Democracy: A direct form of democracy in ancient Athens where citizens participate actively in decision-making through assemblies and councils.
• Pericles: Influential Athenian statesman (c. 495–429 BC) who expanded democracy and strengthened Athens’ political and military power.
• Misthos: A stipend or salary paid to public officials and jurors, enabling poorer citizens to participate in politics.
• Dikasteria: The Athenian jury courts, where citizens served as jurors, emphasizing judicial participation.
• Citizenship: Defined in Athens as being born to citizen parents (father and mother), establishing political rights and responsibilities.
• Ligue de Délos: A maritime alliance led by Athens to defend against Persia, which later became a tool for Athenian imperialism.

📝 Essential Points