Segmental centers of mass — definition?
Points where each body segment's mass is concentrated.
Shifting of segmental centers — effect?
Alters overall body center of mass and balance.
Effect of limb movement — on COM?
Changes the position of the overall center of mass.
Combined center of mass — calculation?
Sum of segmental centers weighted by mass.
COM in static posture — position?
Over support surface for balance.
Static equilibrium — condition?
COM over support base, no movement.
Support base — role?
Provides contact area for stability.
Dynamic balance — key feature?
Maintains stability with COM outside support base.
Balance in activity — how?
Through controlled movement and acceleration.
COM in motion — during activity?
Can be outside support base, stabilized by movement.
Acceleration effects — on balance?
Shifts COM and helps maintain stability.
Force impulse — effect?
Changes body's momentum over time.
Force line of action — significance?
Determines translation or rotation effects.
Force, momentum — relationship?
Force impulse alters momentum and movement.
Ontogeny — development?
Individual growth from fertilization to maturity.
Endogenous factors — influence?
Internal, genetic, biological influences.
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1. What does 'Body Segment Shifts' refer to in biomechanics?
2. How is the combined body center of mass calculated?
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