Flashcards: Foundations of Modern Psychology — 24 cartões

Prosopagnosia — definition?

Inability to recognize faces due to brain damage.

Face recognition — brain region?

Localized mainly in the right temporal lobe.

Attribution error — description?

Overestimating personality traits, underestimating situational factors.

Overjustification effect — cause?

External rewards diminish intrinsic motivation.

Childhood amnesia — age?

Memory loss before age 3.

Media violence — effect?

Increases aggression in children.

Wundt's contribution — key?

Founded first psychology lab; introduced introspection.

Structuralism — focus?

Analyzing mental structure into basic elements.

Functionalism — focus?

Studying mental processes' purposes and functions.

Behaviorism — main idea?

Study observable behavior, ignore mental states.

Stimulus-response — framework?

Behavior as a reaction to environmental stimuli.

Gestalt psychology — principle?

Perception organized into meaningful wholes.

Gestalt — founder?

Max Wertheimer.

Psychoanalysis — founder?

Sigmund Freud.

Freud — unconscious?

Contains repressed desires influencing behavior.

Psychoanalytic stages — focus?

Childhood phases shaping personality.

Modern psychology — key?

Integrates neuroscience, cognition, and behavior.

Cognitive psychology — study?

Mental processes like perception and memory.

Information-processing — model?

Mind as a computer: encode, store, retrieve.

Biological + experiential — view?

Both shape human behavior and development.

Neuroscience advances — example?

fMRI reveals brain activity linked to cognition.

Wundt's lab — significance?

Birth of experimental psychology as science.

Structuralism vs Functionalism — difference?

Structuralism analyzes parts; functionalism studies purposes.

Behaviorism vs Psychoanalysis — contrast?

Behaviorism focuses on observable actions; psychoanalysis on unconscious motives.