Fundamentals of Genetic Inheritance

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Course Outline

  1. Cell Chromosome Composition
  2. Genes and Alleles
  3. Homologous Chromosomes
  4. Gregor Mendel Laws
  5. Mendelian Crosses
  6. Genotype and Phenotype
  7. Mendelian Laws

1. Cell Chromosome Composition

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Diploid cells: All body cells except gametes are diploid, meaning they contain two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
  • Gametes: Reproductive cells such as egg and sperm that are haploid, containing only one set of chromosomes.
  • Chromosome: A structure within cells that carries genetic information in the form of genes; each chromosome is a long DNA molecule.
  • Maternal chromosome: The chromosome inherited from the mother, typically found in the egg.
  • Paternal chromosome: The chromosome inherited from the father, typically found in the sperm.
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Prévia do quiz

1. Which key component best characterizes the genotype of an organism?

2. What is the primary cause of variation in inherited traits among individuals?

3. How can Mendel's Laws be practically used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross between two heterozygous individuals for a single trait?

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Prévia dos flashcards

Cell diploid state — definition?

Contains two complete chromosome sets.

Genes — role?

Code for making proteins.

Homologous chromosomes — function?

Pair during meiosis, carry same genes.

Mendel’s Law of Dominance — statement?

Dominant alleles mask recessive ones.

Mendelian cross — purpose?

Study inheritance patterns of traits.

Genotype — example?

AA, Aa, or aa.

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