Fundamentals of Atomic and Nuclear Science

📋 Course Outline

1. Atomic structure and periodic table
2. Nuclear processes and energy
3. Star lifecycle and nuclear fusion
4. Chemical reactions and bond energy
5. Conservation of atoms and mass
6. Carbon cycle and biosphere
7. Energy transfer and magnetic fields
8. Energy models and transfer
9. Water properties and Earth
10. Energy resources and costs

📖 1. Atomic structure and periodic table

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

Atom: An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. It consists of a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons that orbit the nucleus. The structure of an atom determines its behavior in chemical reactions and interactions.

Periodic Table: The periodic table is a systematic arrangement of chemical elements organized by increasing proton number. Elements are grouped into columns called groups or families, which contain elements with similar chemical properties. The table’s layout reflects periodic trends and recurring patterns in element behavior.

Outer Electron States: The outer electron states refer to the electrons located in the outermost energy level (or shell) of an atom. These electrons are crucial because they influence how an atom interacts chemically with other atoms. The configuration of outer electrons determines an element’s reactivity and bonding characteristics.