Study sheet: Matter and States of Matter

📋 Course Outline

1. Matter and Its States
2. Properties of Solids and Liquids
3. Flow, Pressure, and Diffusion

📖 1. Matter and Its States

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Matter : anything that has mass and takes up space

★ Must-know

📌 A solid cannot flow, whereas liquids and gases can flow or spread.

Further detail

• Examples of solids encountered before school include:
  • a bed
  • shoes
  • a shirt
  • pants
  • a sock
  • a hairbrush

💡 Memory Hook

Solids keep their shape, liquids spread, and gases fill space.

📖 2. Properties of Solids and Liquids

★ Must-know

📌 Liquids do not have the same three properties as solids because liquids are a different state of matter.

📌 Gases take up all the available space, whereas liquids spread through space without necessarily filling it completely.

• Most solids retain their shape, have a constant volume, and have mass.

Further detail

• Plasticine and playdough are solids that can be molded under pressure.

💡 Memory Hook

SMV: solids have Shape, constant Mass-related volume, and mass.

📖 3. Flow, Pressure, and Diffusion

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Diffusion : the movement of molecules and particles apart due to random movement

📝 Essential Points

📌 Steel is better for buildings than chalk because chalk breaks more easily and steel and chalk have different densities.

📌 A solid can behave like a fluid when pressure causes it to flow.

💡 Memory Hook

Pressure can make a solid flow, while random particle movement causes diffusion.

📊 Synthesis Tables

States of Matter

State	Behavior described in the course	Example
Solid	Cannot flow and usually retains its shape	Chalk, steel, Plasticine
Liquid	Spreads and takes a different state-of-matter form	Water, orange juice
Gas	Takes up all available space	Gas