Флашкарти: Neoliberal Globalization and Its Impact — 22 карти

Post-Bretton Woods crises — period?

1970s economic and geopolitical crises.

Liquidity Glut — effect?

Surplus of easy money, soaring inflation.

1970s oil shocks — impact?

Caused global inflation and stagflation.

Capital controls — removal?

Led to loss of state autonomy.

Cross-border flows — 1980 vs 2007?

$500 billion to nearly $12 trillion.

Market discipline — enforced by?

Free capital movement constrains governments.

Neoliberalism — three pillars?

Deregulation, discipline, development.

Neoliberalism — focus?

Private initiative, free markets, minimal state.

Shift from industrialization — model?

From inward to outward, export-led growth.

Trade policy — before and after?

Protectionism to free trade and capital mobility.

Neoliberal reforms — outcomes?

Global integration, increased inequality, instability.

Global middle class — effect?

Growth reducing global inequality overall.

Financial crises — cause?

Rapid liberalization, weak regulation.

IMF — role in 1970s?

Transformed into enforcer of neoliberal reforms.

Conditionality — purpose?

Impose neoliberal policies for aid.

Casino capitalism — characteristic?

High-risk, deregulated speculative finance.

Debt crises — example?

Mexico 1982, Asian financial crisis.

Washington Consensus — nature?

Transnational policy paradigm enforced by IFIs.

Structural adjustment — shift?

From project loans to policy reform loans.

Emerging models — Beijing Consensus?

Statist alternative emphasizing macroprudence.

Policy diffusion — types?

Normative (experiment) and coercive (standardized).

Future global regime — likely?

Heterogeneous, not a single paradigm.